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EXODUS — 21:15 strikes

EXOD557 The Rabbis were keenly aware, however, that the curriculum of teaching Judaism should not consist of text knowledge and skills alone; it must crucially engage in character education as well. That obviously includes teaching children values such as respect for people and property, honesty, responsibility, and the like. It also includes negative demands, such as avoiding assault and battery, stealing, and so on. One graphic example of moral education affects parents and children. Since striking a parent or even cursing a parent are, according to the Torah, capital offenses (Exodus 23 (sic 21):15, 17), the Rabbis instructed parents not to strike their grown children lest their children curse them or strike them back, making their parents, in turn, liable for leading the children to sin (“placing a [moral and legal] stumbling block before the blind”). Along these lines, a nineteenth-century moralist applied this to both children and parents. “If a man cannot honor his parents as they should be honored, then... it is best that he no longer share his father's board, provided his father agrees to this. It is also best that a man [who gets angry]--if he can-- send his children from his table, lest he be guilty of placing a stumbling block before them [by provoking them to speak dishonorably to him and thus violating Leviticus 19:14] … and thus there shall be peace in your home (Rabbi Eliezer Pappo, Pele Yo’etz, Part 1, Kaph, pp. 170-172).” Because parents were often not very well educated themselves, the Rabbis were concerned that parents or grandparents might not be able to teach their children, even if they wanted to do so. That would mean that they would not only fail to fulfill a commandment of the Torah, but also deprive their children of their heritage. Therefore, although the duty to educate one's children in Judaism falls primarily on their parents, they may delegate it to a Jewish school. In fact, Jews were among the first to establish schools, dating from the second century.

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EXODUS — 21:15 strikes

EXOD558 The underlying principle here is that a child is obliged to take pains not to distress a parent either physically or emotionally. Rather a child is obliged to try to provide his or her parents with happiness and with joy (Proverbs 15:20): "A wise son makes his father happy; A fool of a man humiliates his mother." According to one commentator, a reason one should not injure one's parents is because, in doing so, one injures oneself. Since one's parents are one's own "flesh and blood," since one's soul is "bound up" with that of one's parents, to cause injury to them is to cause injury to oneself. In this view, harming one's parents is a form of masochism. Moses Hafetz, Malekhet Mahshevet to Leviticus 20:9. A similar motif is also expressed by Abravanel. He wrote, "The benefit [of honoring parents] extends to the child who honors them. As he honors his parent so will he be honored in turn by his own children, for as one treats others so will he be treated by others." Abravanel on Deuteronomy 5:16.

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EXODUS — 21:15 strikes

EXOD559 We should not follow the letter of the law if doing so will lead to the opposite of what the Torah intended. For example, biblical law rules that striking one's parents is forbidden, and a capital crime. According to the rabbinic understanding of this verse, the offense merits a death sentence only if the child draws blood. [We have no record of this punishment ever being carried out]. Later Jewish law further qualified the law, permitting a child to bleed a parent in a surgical procedure. [Bleeding was a procedure used in pre-modern medicine by which supposedly sick blood was drawn from an ill person with the intention of improving the person's health]. Surprisingly, the Talmud justifies this provision on the basis of the verse, "Love your neighbor as yourself." What is the possible connection between bleeding one's parents and loving one's neighbor as oneself? Common sense caused the Rabbis to reason thus: treat your neighbor-in this case , your parents-as you would want to be treated; since you would want your own blood drawn in such a circumstance to improve your health, it is fine to draw your parent's blood for the same reason.

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EXODUS — 21:17 curses

EXOD562 It is a negative commandment not to curse one's father or mother as Scripture states, And he that curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death [this verse]. If one cursed him [his father] by the Divine name, he would deserve death by stoning, and this even if he cursed them [his parents] after their death, by the Divine name. If he cursed them by a substitute Divine name, he should receive whiplashes. One should not impose an oath on his father that contains an imprecation; nor should he be the emissary of a religious court to excommunicate him. It is forbidden to disgrace them; for whoever disgraces his father or his mother, even by a hint, is accursed by the word of the Almighty, since the Scripture says, Cursed be he who dishonors his father or his mother (D'varim 27:16).

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EXODUS — 21:17 insults

EXOD564 … if one actually curses one's parents, the Torah decrees nothing less than the death penalty [this verse].Even if one did not go quite that far,… it is wrong to insult one's parents. Thus verbal abuse of parents, aside from sharing in the more general prohibition of oppressive speech [ona'at devarim], involves the added violations of the positive commandment to respect our parents and the prohibition of cursing them.

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