DEUT302 Goodness, though, is not our only moral ideal. We also seek to do the right thing. After all, the Torah demands that we do both “the right and the good in the eyes of God.” (Deuteronomy 6:18). The differences between the right and the good were discussed in Appendix A, and we certainly want to do both in our private lives and on the social plane. How, though, do we determine what is the right and/or good thing to do? The Jewish tradition has depended primarily on a legal method of identifying the right and the good, all the while acknowledging that there are moral duties “beyond the letter of the law.” Because Jews tend to think that the whole world thinks and acts as Jews do, it is helpful to note that other traditions have chosen very different ways of discovering the right and/or the good. ... Catholics depend on their clerical hierarchy and, ultimately, on the Pope to define what is right in good. Indeed, the First Vatican Council declared in 1870 that in matters of faith and morals, the Pope has the right to declare something “infallibly.” ... Protestant theorists place strong emphasis on individual conscience in defining the right and the good. They expect that individual Protestants should be guided in their moral perceptions and actions by Scripture, in particular the stories of Jesus. ... American secular thought, with strong roots both in Protestantism and Enlightenment thought, places great faith both in individual conscience and in rule by the majority and a government with checks and balances.