LEV691 The Golden Rule. Hillel, while teaching the duty of man to "love his fellow creatures and to bring them near unto the Torah," Avot 1:12 also summarized the intent of the entire Torah in the words: "What is hateful into thee, do not to thy fellow man." Shabbat 31a. (Lengthy note omitted-AJL). Jewish and Christian scholars have sought to find in Hillel's negative formulation of the golden rule the tendency of Judaism toward justice in contradistinction to its positive statement by Jesus (Matthew 7:12 and in briefer form in Luke 6:31), typical of the Christian emphasis on love. The contrast drawn between Jewish and Christian ethics on the basis of the different formulations of the golden rule ignores the fact that both versions derive from the command of (this verse), "Thou shall love thy neighbor as thyself." W.A. Spooner, art., "Golden Rule, " H.E.R.E. VI;310-312. G.B. King, the Golden Rule, Journ. Rel. VIII, 168-79. Furthermore, both forms appear indiscriminately in the literature of the Synagogue and the Church.