LEV38 … Judaism's approach to criminal law is a system that demonstrates the value of a structure that has absolute prohibitions (e.g., The Ten Commandments), affirmative obligations (e.g., the duty of a witness to testify) [this verse, Numbers 5:5-8], and interpretive commentary (including, Midrash Halakhah, Mishnah, Talmud, and later rabbinic teachings in codes and legal rulings). In itself, the structure has been replicated in many criminal justice systems with the adoption of criminal codes, interpretations by the judges, and regulations guiding application of the code. These transform criminal sentences from the arbitrary decisions of judges to the rule of law.