EXOD653 Biblical laws that mandate that strangers be treated justly are a characteristic and recurring feature of Torah legislation: [this verse], and later "… Hear out your fellow man and decide justly between any man and a fellow Israelite or a stranger" Deuteronomy 1:16, and the previously cited, "The stranger who resides with you shall be as one of your citizens…" Leviticus 19:34. Throughout history, strangers in societies all over the world often have been denied basic rights and discriminated against. In contrast, the Torah insists "There shall be one law for you and for the stranger who lives among you" Exodus 12:49, see also Numbers 15:15. To this day, the ancient physical injunction represents the cornerstone of a just society.