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DEUTERONOMY — 23:15 indecent

DEUT1256 Exile comes upon the world on account of idolatrous worship, incest and adultery, bloodshed, and [the failure to observe] the sabbatical year of the soil. Pirkei Avot, Perek V, mishnah 10-11. Why is Scripture so vehement about this [second] category of sin (incest and adultery)? Said R. Ishmael b. R. Yose: "As long as the people Israel are unbridled, wanton in immorality, the sh'chinah (Divine Presence) withdraws … for it is stated: let Him not see among you anything indecent, and turn away from you" [this verse].

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DEUTERONOMY — 23:22 delay

DEUT1293 Jacob took a vow voluntarily to give one part in ten for Heaven's purposes. [Genesis 28:22]. By the Torah's command, his children, the people Israel fall heir to that vow; so to speak, it continues in existence, for us to fulfill. And Scripture warns ... [this verse]. Do not wait until you have to part with your wealth "on demand," under duress. Whenever you can contribute to a deserving cause – to support the poor, to assure Torah study, or whatever – – and you have "tithe the money" to give, give it readily and cheerfully. For in any case Heaven will get its due from you. As the Mishnah puts it, the Holy One would tell wicked farmers in ancient Israel, "The things you did toward Me in the sunny season – – – you did not set apart t'rumah and tithes--will rob you of rain [in the rainy season]" (Midrash Sifre, Deuteronomy §40). Dare to hoard the tenth part for charity, and you will be left with nothing but guilt for your troubles.

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DEUTERONOMY — 28:1 above

DEUT1515 R. Me'ir said: whoever occupies himself with the study of Torah for its own sake merits many things; and not only that, but the entire world is worthwhile because of him.… it makes him great and exalted above all creations. Pirkei Avot, Perek VI, Mishnah 1. We have rendered the word ma'asim as "things," to signify the entities of this world, animate and inanimate, which the Almighty wrought. For the Hebrew for "wrought" is a aseh, the root of ma'asim. But ma'asim can equally signify deeds, actions, the things we do from day to day. Devoted, persevering Torah study for its own sake makes a man transcend the small, petty events of his daily life, however meaningless, irritating, or frustrating they are. He knows that with the Torah, he enters a higher realm of existence, above the trying, nagging details of the day. So life's daily actions, ma'asim, will not seriously mar his thinking or his character; and they certainly will not impair his faith or religious devotion. His main journey is on a higher road, and the rest matters little. And indeed, all his actions become tinged with an aura of holiness, since all his gains and achievements are channeled to serve his higher goal--to study the Torah and live by it. Our text can also denote that his Torah study means more than a man's achievements during the day. Whatever he accomplishes in his business or professional life, during his leisure, even in pursuit of culture--his Torah study exalts him yet more. As Moses promises us in Scripture [this verse].

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DEUTERONOMY — 29:4 forty

DEUT1566 [Judah b. Tema] used to say: … the man of forty [has attained] understanding; Pirkei Avot, Perek V, mishnah 24. Just as thirty finds a man at the peak of his strength, so forty finds him at the height of his powers of understanding. At the end of the Israelite wanderings, when those who left Egypt had died out, Moses told the next generation, born after the exodus, "I have led you forty years in the wilderness…" and just before this, Moses told them, "the Lord has not given you a heart to know, and eyes to see, and ears to hear, until this day." It took them forty years to realize the full significance of their extraordinary experience. "From this you can learn," said Rabbah, "that a man does not fully plumb the thinking of his master teacher until he is forty" (Deuteronomy 29:4,3. T.B. Abodah Zarah 5b (in place of Rabbah, M'iri and En Ya'akov have Rava). For at this age, R. Bahya observes, the physical state is definitely on the decline; and as physical ability wanes, mental powers grow stronger and clearer. The focus can be sharper, the vision brighter, to grasp wider. Experience adds perspective and depth to mature understanding.

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